One is not permitted to sleep in a Shul. However regarding sleeping in a beis medrash opinion vary as to whether one may sleep at all, or just a nap is permitted, etc. Those who spend their whole time learning in the Beis medrash are permitted to sleep there.

One is not permitted to enter a Shul for personal reasons, such as to call a friend. If one needs to go in for personal reasons, he should first say a Halacha, Mishna, some Tehillim, etc. and then do what he needs to do. If one does not know how to learn at all, he should ask someone else to teach him something. If none of the following solutions are possible, then he should first sit down for a few moments, since sitting in a shul is also a mitzvah.

If the reason for going into shul is to return or take a Sefer or Siddur, it is not necessary for him to do any of the above procedures. (Beis Yehuda 10:6)

One is not permitted to use the shul or beis medrash as a shortcut, e.g. if the shul has two entrances on different sides of the street and by entering through one door and exiting through the other he will save time or steps.
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